Saturday, March 17, 2012

Commission fines Spain for overfishing

Due to overfishing of horse mackerel, blue whiting and monkfish in Galicia, the European Commission has fined the Spanish government and cut their quotas for 2012.

The largest sanction will apply to horsemackerel, for which the 2012 TAC will now be reduced by about 15%. The fines and quota reductions will then be passed on to individual vessels, based on overfishing within their fleet segment. However, representatives of the Spanish fishing industry said that these cuts would lead to an increase in discards, as horsemackerel is often caught as bycatch.

Cases where the Commission punishes Member States for the excesses of their fleet tend to be rare. Chasing such offences through the courts is often a complex and time-consuming legal process. Staff  must provide input to the casework along with their everyday jobs, costing the Commission manpower. This leads to only the most obvious offences being punished, but they may well represent just the tip of the iceberg.


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Fish Fight campaign launch in Poland

On Friday, March 30, Fish Fight will launch its Europe-wide discards ban campaign in Poland. The event will take place in front of the Polish Parliament (Sejm), and will be led by a Polish celebrity chef, Robert Maklowicz. According to Fish Fight, up to 15% of all fish caught in the Baltic Sea is discarded.  

The main purpose of the event is to raise public awareness about the wasteful and unselective  fishing practices occuring in the Baltic Sea—and  generally in the European Union waters—and  to garner support to ban discards under the currently reformed  Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), which at this point in the process proposes to cover only selected commercial species.

The focus on the wasteful practice of discarding was tabled by the European Commission already under the previous Commissioner for Maritime Affairs & Fisheries, Joe Borg. Since then the issue has been influenced by the Fish Fight campaign, which has helped the current Commissioner, Maria Damanaki, highlight the problem of discarding among the general public across Europe. So far close to 800 000 people in the European Union and beyond actively support the cause through Fish Fight, and politicians are paying attention.

Discarding of unwanted catches (or bycatch) leaves 1.3 million tonnes of perfectly good fish thrown back to the sea each year – often dead or badly damaged. Bycatch is defined as fish (commercial or non-commerical species) caught unintentionally while trying to catch other fish. Bycatch includes untargeted catch, which means catching undersized/ juvenile individuals or protected species.

The solution to discarding according to Fish Fight will not be easy, and will have to include a creative combination of ideas and policies. The main messaging behind the campaign pertains to diversifying ‘our fish eating habits’ and the ‘need to change policy so that it works for fish, fishermen and consumers’.

The event in Poland will be attended by policy makers, fishermen, environmental organizations, scientists, and the public. Youth will also be a big part of the event, as some schools in Warsaw have been invited to take part. To promote diversification of our fish eating habits, Robert Maklowicz will also demonstrate- by cooking on site- that it is possible to enjoy eating discarded/unwanted catches, as long as they are not undersized/juvenile fish or protected species.

If you would like to join in, the event will take place 30 March, starting at noon until 14:00 at the Polish Sejm in Warsaw, Poland.

For more information please check the link below.


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Agriculture Injuries and Fatalities

Agricultural Equipment and Machinery Accessory Dealers

Thursday, March 15, 2012

Agricultural Investments - Fulfilling the Global Food Security Concerns

Greenpeace Poland: ‘European Fisheries at a Crossroads’

Released in late February, the hot-off-the-press report, ‘European Fisheries at a Crossroads’, is an informative introduction to the current state of affairs in European and Polish fisheries. The report is concise, yet provides a lot of detail for those intereseted in fisheries.

The report (in Polish : ‘Europejskie rybolowstwo na rozdrozu’) has been released at a time when the world’s fisheries are in crisis. It is projected that if fisheries are managed ‘business as usual’, in the next 40 to 50 years there may be no more fish to fish out.

There is hope, however. With coherent decisions in the currently ongoing Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) reform process a significant change to fisheries management may still be possible, including the elimination of wasteful and destructive fishing practices. The new CFP should end overfishing, reduce damage to ecosystems and re-build the EU fishing sector so that is environmentally sustainable, and socially as well as economically viable.

In their report, Greenpeace states that an effective reform of the CFP — the process ends in 2013 — is the last chance to restore our decimated fish stocks and the proper functioning of the European fleet. Greenpeace, therefore outlines four key focus areas for an effective CFP reform:

1)    Restructure and decrease the capacity of the European fishing fleet, to ensure priority access to fisheries is given to small-scale operations, which have a smaller environmental impact.

2)    Increase marine reserve areas by 40%, and under the CFP, provide Member States with resources to identify the most sensitive marine habitats and ensure appropriate control measures of those areas.

3)    Eliminate destructive fishing practices, such as bottom trawling.

4)    Introduce legally binding scientific advice when setting fishing limits.

For more information on the report, which was released in Polish only, please contact Greenpeace Poland at biuro@greenpeace.pl.


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Damanaki seeks to rally national parliamentarians

At a Fisheries Committee hearing in the European Parliament, Commissioner Damanaki along with the rapporteurs for the four segments of the Common Fisheries Policy reform gave presentations and answered questions from delegates of national parliaments from around the EU. Damanaki gave a robust defence of the Commission’s proposals for the reform, that sought to underline why their proposals should not be diluted.

The key message was that the entrenched problems of European fisheries, such as overfishing and depleted stocks, overcapacity, wasteful fishing practices, and destructive subsidies need to be confronted now or they will become even more difficult to solve. Moreover, Damanaki lambasted her critics who were accused of attempting to weakening her proposals and delay measures which aim to secure the sustainability of European fisheries.

Particular focus was given to the target of reaching at least the Maximum Sustainable Yield for fish stocks by 2015. She argued that by including MSY “where possible” in the CFP, could mean it never happens. To emphasise the benefits of raising fish stocks to beyond the MSY target, Damanaki referenced the new economic foundation report which demonstrated that 83,000 jobs and 1.8 bn euros would be generated. Furthermore,since 2009, the number of EU stocks that have reached this target has jumped from 5 to 38. However, she did not elaborate on why so many fish stocks have insufficient scientific data to estimate what the MSY is.

For the proposed discard ban, she repeated that subsidies will be available for selective gears to aid fishers in their transition, and this meant the implementation of the landing obligation should not be delayed. She was also highly critical of Mediterranean states who are in opposition, stating that “too many baby fish are eaten there….we need to stop this market for juveniles”.

On mandatory TFCs, in a somewhat hostile exchange where Damanaki was labelled a “liberal”, the Commissioner countered that “for the first time the CFP gives explicit recognition of public ownership of fish”. She put forward the argument that with safeguards, quota concentration would not occur. While the small-scale fleet, which accounts for 40% of EU landings, could be excluded by Member States.


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“100,000 jobs and €3 billion per year lost because of overfishing”

The new economics foundation (nef) recently launched their report, entitled “Jobs lost at sea”. They investigated the economic effects of overfishing and analysed its impact on employment in the EU. In the study they took 43 fish stocks in European and neighbouring waters and looked at the what the effects of managing at the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) would be in terms of additional revenue and jobs. They found that over €3 billion is lost every year due to overfishing these stocks, which could support 100,000 jobs in the industry.

As a result of shocking mismanagement, landings of fish and the number of jobs in fisheries fall far short of their potential. Catches in 2010 amounted to less than 64 per cent of their maximum potential weight (9.76 million tonnes) and 55 per cent of their potential value. Restoring these 43 stocks to their MSY level would generate 3.53 million tonnes of additional landings; enough to meet the annual demand of fish for 155 million EU citizens.These additional landings would be worth €3.188 billion annually, which is more than five times the annual fisheries subsidies paid to EU member states. Moreover, this additional value could support the equivalent of 32,000 full-time fishing jobs, and 69,000 (full- and part-time) processing jobs every year. Just under 83,000 of these are in the EU27.

The World Bank, in their report “Sunken Billions”, has previously estimated that $50 billion is lost annually as a result of poor governance and overfishing. Despite these analyses, the EU Council continues to set fishing quotas which regularly far exceed proposals from scientists. In recent years, some progress has been made, however, legislation that compels quotas to be set at levels which will lead to MSY is lacking.

The nef report argues that fish stocks deliver huge benefits to society, as they are a source of jobs, a source of profits, and a source of affordable food. However, as quotas are often set at levels which prevent stocks from replenishing and because scientific data is lacking for so many EU fisheries, we are losing money and jobs due to poor management. They conclude that the Common Fisheries Policy reform is an ideal opportunity to put an end to this waste and to reap the benefits from managing fish stocks at a minimum of MSY.

The new economics foundation (nef) recently launched their report, entitled “Jobs lost at sea”. They investigated the economic effects of overfishing and analysed its impact on employment in the EU. In the study they took 43 fish stocks in European and neighbouring waters and looked at the what the effects of managing at the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) would be in terms of additional revenue and jobs. They found that over €3 billion is lost every year due to overfishing these stocks, which could support 100,000 jobs in the industry.

As a result of shocking mismanagement, landings of fish and the number of jobs in fisheries fall far short of their potential. Catches in 2010 amounted to less than 64 per cent of their maximum potential weight (9.76 million tonnes) and 55 per cent of their potential value. Restoring these 43 stocks to their MSY level would generate 3.53 million tonnes of additional landings; enough to meet the annual demand of fish for 155 million EU citizens.These additional landings would be worth €3.188 billion annually, which is more than five times the annual fisheries subsidies paid to EU member states. Moreover, this additional value could support the equivalent of 32,000 full-time fishing jobs, and 69,000 (full- and part-time) processing jobs every year. Just under 83,000 of these are in the EU27.

The World Bank, in their report “Sunken Billions”, has previously estimated that $50 billion is lost annually as a result of poor governance and overfishing. Despite these analyses, the EU Council continues to set fishing quotas which regularly far exceed proposals from scientists. In recent years, some progress has been made, however, legislation that compels quotas to be set at levels which will lead to MSY is lacking.

The nef report argues that fish stocks deliver huge benefits to society, as they are a source of jobs, a source of profits, and a source of affordable food. However, as quotas are often set at levels which prevent stocks from replenishing and because scientific data is lacking for so many EU fisheries, we are losing money and jobs due to poor management. They conclude that the Common Fisheries Policy reform is an ideal opportunity to put an end to this waste and to reap the benefits from managing fish stocks at a minimum of MSY.


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ICES takes on multispecies perspective in Baltic fisheries management

In early March this year, a group of fisheries scientists, representatives from the Baltic Sea RAC and policy makers gathered in Charlottenlund, Denmark to discuss the possibilities of instituting multispecies (ecosystems approach) based advice for the Baltic. The current workshop (WKMULTBAL) was a follow up meeting to a workshop held at ICES headquarters in December last year.

As of this year, ICES will provide scientific advice for quotas in the Baltic Sea within the multispecies approach, while also continuing to give advice in accordance with single-species models. Decisions on quotas for the Baltic will be decided at the October Council meeting.

An ecosystems approach to fisheries management, that accounts for species interactions and environmental factors, has long been a highly prioritised goal of the ICES working groups. The implementation has though been delayed due to the complexity of such interactions.

ICES did however decide that if such a multispecies approach would come to be implemented, it would, first be applied to the eastern Baltic Sea since the complexity of species interactions is relatively low (the bulk of fish biomass is cod, sprat and herring) and the knowledge base is fairly high compared to, for example, the North Sea which is considerably more multifaceted.

The purpose of the working group was to present a series of simulation runs from current multispecies models and identify possible pitfalls. It was appreciated that the models were in need of some revision before advice on such grounds could come to be implemented. In particular, concerns were made regarding the different degrees of species interactions in different areas of the Baltic.

Since the majority of the cod stock is concentrated in the central Baltic proper, interactions between cod, herring and sprat would be particularly strong in that area, in comparison to the northern Baltic for instance where the principal interaction would be between sprat and herring only. There was a consensus in the group that accounting for this bias would improve the model substantially.

Furthermore, because a multispecies model produces values of fishing mortality that are conditional on each other, in contrast to the current single species approach, it was also recommended that a series of scenarios where fishing mortality is allowed to vary among the species (within precautionary levels) would be presented to decision makers. This would enable them to adjust species specific quotas to area specific fisheries management plans. It was also stressed that ecosystem consequences outside the framework of the model would have to be considered in any advice that is given. For instance, too high cod biomass could lead to depleted food supplies for seals and harbour porpoises which would go against other environmental objectives.

The meeting concluded that the model was in need of considerable modifications and that multispecies advice could not be presented today. The workshop however, aims to have reliable results for the coming Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) meeting in Rostock at the end of March.


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Ghost nets in the Baltic Sea

A recent documentary by Joakim Odelberg (in co-operation with Emma Watson and Peter Isaksson), funded by the BalticSea2020, strikingly illustrates the severe but often neglected problem of ghost nets in the Baltic Sea.

“Ghost net” is the expression for nets that have been lost or abandoned, which continue to kill fish and other marine life. In Europe, the problem with ghost nets is especially severe in the gill net fishery for cod in the Baltic Sea and the deep sea fishery outside the British Isles.

The reason why ghost nets constitute such a significant problem in the Baltic Sea is because of its cloudy nature, thus sunlight does not penetrate deeply into the water. This causes algae to grow at a slow rate at depths where gill net fishing for cod normally occurs. Hence, the nets are not rendered visible by algae growth and continue to fish for a long time.

It has been assessed that about 165 km of nets are lost annually by Swedish fishermen alone. Moreover, it is estimated that 200-300 tonnes of cod are caught on an annual basis as the catching efficiency of these nets can be up to 10 %, even after they have been lost for two years. Were these figures to be extrapolated to the whole Baltic fishery for a period of 20 years, the total length of ghost nets makes up a distance of approximately 18 times the north-south length of the sea basin.

Although the documentary describes a dark picture of the situation, there are also suggestions for technical solutions to prevent ghost nets causing so much damage, such as better marking the positions of set nets and using biodegradable material in some parts of the nets. Net retrieval practices could also be improved.


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Fish Fight comes to Germany

On 23rd April, the Fish Fight campaign against discards will launch in Germany with an event outside the Bundestag. The aim of the campaign is to highlight wasteful fishing practices, which have led to half of all the fish caught in the North Sea being thrown back dead into the sea.

Close to 800,000 people have now given their support to the campaign.


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NGOs support Commission proposals not to finance engine modernisation

In the proposals for the European and Maritime Fisheries Fund (EMFF), the Commission has recommended legislation to end subsidies for the replacement and upgrade of vessels engines. A coalition of NGOs has published a position paper supporting the move.

Overcapacity has long been recognised as a key failing of the CFP and the correlation between overcapacity and declining fish stocks has for too long proved an intractable problem for EU managers. Despite scrapping schemes, the catching capacity of the EU fleet has continued to grow by 3% per year for the past decade, largely due to technological creep. The continuous modernisation of existing vessels has meant that the fleet is becoming ever more efficient in its ability to catch fish. This new legislation aims to ensure the sustainable exploitation of the marine environment.

One long-standing problem which the NGO paper highlights is the difficulties in assessing the catching capacity of the fleet because of the way in which the actual engine power available on board can change. The under-declaration of engine power was highlighted in a Commission non-paper from 2006. Engines can be legally certified with a power much lower than they can use, due to changes made in the fuel injection settings. This has meant that “the real power installed on board is almost impossible to control.” This is an issue which needs to be resolved, and ending engine subsidies are a positive precautionary management tool.


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Stevenson outlines position on the EU Common Market Policy

In a presentation to national parliamentarians in the European Parliament, Struan Stevenson (ECR/UK) outlined his position on the reform of the Common Market Organisation (CMO), for which he is the Fisheries Committee rapporteur. Stevenson stated that his report will feature suggestions on how to reform the role of POs in fisheries management, comments on the proposed storage mechanism, as well as amendments on the consumer information provided on fish products.

Currently there are 214 POs who are responsible for coordinating their members’ activities so that fish is supplied to the market when there is demand. Moreover, POs aim to concentrate the supply chain by grouping produce from individual fishermen – thus attempting to ensure that they achieve a better price at first sale and preventing supermarkets and large suppliers from driving down prices.

The main thrust of Stevenson’s proposals are to concentrate and beef up the existing networks of producer organisations, active in the EU. This would be done through forced mergers under rules which require POs to have a minimum number of members. Moreover, POs would need to become internationalised in order to facilitate cross-border quota pooling.

Stevenson was particularly critical of the Commission proposals for the new storage mechanism and trigger price. As the proposals currently stand, POs may provide and finance storage of fishery products that have been put up for sale but for which there was no buyer at the agreed trigger price. The trigger price has to be set before the beginning of each year, is limited to 80% of the weighted average price for the product in the past three years, and is subject to the Member State’s approval.

The storage mechanism enables producers to take products off the market and store them for sale at a later date. It is supported by substantial funding provided under the proposed future European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) (COM(2011)804), setting aside 45 million EUR from 2014 to 2018 (Art. 72), including a gradual phase out of aid before 2019. It is what remains of a raft of market interventions currently provided, including a price support system.

Stevenson argues that the central role of POs is to plan their members’ activities, and interventions through the storage mechanism would undermine this. By enabling fishers to obtain 80% of the value of their catch, regardless of whether there is a market for the produce or not, would for Stevenson distort the market. He argues that “abolishing the minimum price intervention mechanism will incentivise POs to ensure better market practices.”

Stevenson also had a controversial suggestion for reforming consumer labelling. He proposes that all current “eco-labels” could be scrapped and replaced by a voluntary EU label to which minimum standards would be applied, thereby creating a level playing field across the continent. However, this proposal would undermine the work done by several labels on ensuring their supply of sustainable produce, such as KRAV in Sweden, which have built up trust with consumers over a long period of time.


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Environment Committee rapporteur pushes to rebuild fish stocks

The rapporteur, Chris Davies/ALDE, from the Environment Committee (ENVI) in the European Parliament has published his draft opinion on the Basic Regulation for the CFP reform. A large number of amendments are suggested, with a focus on rebuilding fish stocks and improving management at the EU level.

In the justification for the amendments, a bleak picture of European fisheries is painted. Overfishing, overcapacity, wasteful discarding, and the declining productivity of our shared resource are identified as needing urgent reform.

Davies identifies the key elements of the reform as helping fish stocks to recover to levels beyond the maximum sustainable yield (MSY), largely through the establishment of long-term management plans. The proposed discard ban, quotas set firmly on scientific advice adhering to the precautionary approach, higher standards of conduct on vessels fishing in external waters and sustainable aquaculture are also important elements in meeting this goal.

In his report, Davies stresses the need for the small-scale fleet and low impact fishing practices to be given greater opportunity to fish as they lessen the impact on the marine environment. For TFCs, an extensive list of addendums are recommended in the amendments so as to narrow the scope on which they can be applied and ensure that fishing opportunities remain public property.

Given the fear that long-term management plans may be backlogged due to EU bureaucracy and complications over which institutions are responsible for their legislation under co-decision, it is welcome that amendments state that all stocks in EU waters be covered under such plans by 2015. However, it remains to be seen whether including this date in the Basic Regulation would lead to their implementation in this timeframe.

Moreover, recommendations for the discard ban to cover all species in time was a welcome improvement on the Commission proposals, which only cover commercial species covered by quota. Further sanctions for non-compliant vessels and amendments that prevent vessels which have broken the rules from accessing EU funds were also positive developments.

The deadline for MEPs that are members of ENVI to add amendments is March 6th and the vote will take place on April 25th.


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